Description
Total Knee Replacement (TKR) — also called Total Knee Arthroplasty — is a surgical procedure in which the entire knee joint is replaced with artificial components (prostheses) made of metal, plastic, and/or ceramic. It is most commonly performed for end-stage osteoarthritis, but also for rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or severe joint deformity.
🦵 What Happens in Total Knee Replacement?
The surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the:
Femur (thigh bone)
Tibia (shin bone)
Under the patella (kneecap) if necessary
Then, they replace these surfaces with:
A metal cap on the femur
A metal and plastic tray on the tibia
A plastic button on the back of the kneecap (optional)
✅ Indications (When TKR Is Recommended)
You may be a candidate if you have:
Severe knee pain affecting daily activities (walking, stairs, standing)
Stiffness or deformity in the knee
No relief from conservative treatments (physical therapy, injections, medications)
Advanced arthritis confirmed by imaging
⚙️ Procedure Details
Anesthesia: Spinal, epidural, or general
Surgical time: 1–2 hours
Hospital stay: 1–3 days (some centers offer same-day discharge)
⏳ Recovery Timeline
Activity Timeline
Walking with aid Day 1–2 post-op
Walking independently 2–4 weeks
Return to desk job 4–6 weeks
Return to physical job 3–6 months
Full recovery 4–6 months (can take up to 1 year for full strength)
🏋️♂️ Rehab & Physical Therapy
Critical to success of TKR:
Start same day or next day after surgery
Focus on regaining range of motion, strength, and walking ability
Most patients regain full extension and 120–130° of flexion
🎯 Benefits
Drastically reduced or eliminated pain
Improved mobility and function
Corrected knee alignment
High satisfaction rate (~90–95%)
⚠️ Risks and Complications
While generally safe, TKR can have complications:
Blood clots (DVT/PE)
Infection
Implant loosening or failure
Stiffness or limited range of motion
Nerve or vessel injury
Continued pain or need for revision
🔁 Implant Longevity
15–20+ years in most cases
Advances in implant design and surgical techniques continue to improve durability
🤔 Total vs Partial Knee Replacement
Feature Total Knee Partial Knee
Affected Area Entire knee joint One compartment
Recovery Time 3–6+ months 1–3 months
Suitability Widespread arthritis Localized arthritis
Longevity 15–20+ years 10–15 years
Feel May feel artificial Feels more natural
