Total Knee Replacement

Total Knee Replacement (TKR) — also called Total Knee Arthroplasty — is a surgical procedure in which the entire knee joint is replaced with artificial components (prostheses) made of metal, plastic, and/or ceramic. It is most commonly performed for end-stage osteoarthritis, but also for rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, or severe joint deformity.

🦵 What Happens in Total Knee Replacement?

The surgeon removes damaged cartilage and bone from the:

Femur (thigh bone)

Tibia (shin bone)

Under the patella (kneecap) if necessary

Then, they replace these surfaces with:

A metal cap on the femur

A metal and plastic tray on the tibia

A plastic button on the back of the kneecap (optional)

✅ Indications (When TKR Is Recommended)

You may be a candidate if you have:

Severe knee pain affecting daily activities (walking, stairs, standing)

Stiffness or deformity in the knee

No relief from conservative treatments (physical therapy, injections, medications)

Advanced arthritis confirmed by imaging

⚙️ Procedure Details

Anesthesia: Spinal, epidural, or general

Surgical time: 1–2 hours

Hospital stay: 1–3 days (some centers offer same-day discharge)

⏳ Recovery Timeline

Activity Timeline

Walking with aid Day 1–2 post-op

Walking independently 2–4 weeks

Return to desk job 4–6 weeks

Return to physical job 3–6 months

Full recovery 4–6 months (can take up to 1 year for full strength)

🏋️‍♂️ Rehab & Physical Therapy

Critical to success of TKR:

Start same day or next day after surgery

Focus on regaining range of motion, strength, and walking ability

Most patients regain full extension and 120–130° of flexion

🎯 Benefits

Drastically reduced or eliminated pain

Improved mobility and function

Corrected knee alignment

High satisfaction rate (~90–95%)

⚠️ Risks and Complications

While generally safe, TKR can have complications:

Blood clots (DVT/PE)

Infection

Implant loosening or failure

Stiffness or limited range of motion

Nerve or vessel injury

Continued pain or need for revision

🔁 Implant Longevity

15–20+ years in most cases

Advances in implant design and surgical techniques continue to improve durability

🤔 Total vs Partial Knee Replacement

Feature Total Knee Partial Knee

Affected Area Entire knee joint One compartment

Recovery Time 3–6+ months 1–3 months

Suitability Widespread arthritis Localized arthritis

Longevity 15–20+ years 10–15 years

Feel May feel artificial Feels more natural